Passive Voice
Voice dalam konteks Passive Voice artinya Verb (kata kerja). Ada dua jenis kata kerja yang bersifat aktif ( Active Voice ) dan kata kerja yang bersifat pasif ( Passive Voice ).Kalimat aktif / Aktive Voice ialah kalimat yang doer/ agent atau pelaku atau yang melaksanakan pekerjaan berada di posisi subjek. Pola kalimatnya : S + V + ( O + adverb ). S ( Subjek ) sebagai pelaku, dan V ( Verb ) bermakna ber... atau me...Disebut kalimat aktif alasannya ialah pelakunya berada di posisi subjek dan objeknya dikenai pekerjaan.
Contoh : Rani puts an apple on the table.
Sedangkan kalimat pasif / Passive Voice ialah kalimat yang doer/ agent atau pelaku berada di posisi objek dan secara grammatical diawali oleh preposisi by yang artinya oleh.
Contoh : An apple is put by Rani on the table.
Passive Voice sangat akrab kaitannya dengan Tenses, alasannya ialah kalimat Passive Voice mengikuti bentuk tensesnya. Konsep Dasar Passive Voice adalah Be + V3
Syarat-syarat membentuk kalimat Passive Voice :
1. Kalimat Verbal
Yakni kalimat yang kata kerja utamanya ( Ordinary) berupa selain be.
2. Menggunakan Transitive Verb yakni kata kerja yang membutuhkan objek, baik yang diikuti oleh 1 objek (Monotransitive ) maupun yang diikuti oleh 2 objek ( Ditransitive).
3. Kalimat yang berupa kata kerja yang berupa kegiatan ( Dinamic Verb ).
Yang tidak dapat dipasifkan :
1. Kalimat Nominal.
2. Kalimat yang memakai Intransitif Verb ( Verb yang tidak membutuhkan objek )
3. Kata kerja have/has yang bermakna memiliki ( posses )
Have/has secara struktur tidak dapat dipasifkan , tetapi secara meaning dapat dipasifkan dengan catatan mengganti have/has dengan belong to.
Contoh kalimat : I have a new car ( Active Voice ) tidak boleh dipasifkan menjadi A new car is had by me. Makara kalimatnya harus dirubah menjadi A new car belong to me . ( structure active tapi meaning passive )
Dibawah ini ialah rumus Passive Voice dalam 16 Tenses
1. Simple Present S + is/am/are + V3 + ( by O ) |
2. Present Continuous S + is/am/are + being + V 3 + ( by O ) |
3 Present Perfect S + have/has + been + V3 + ( by O ) |
4. Present Perfect Continuous S + have/has + been + being + V3 + ( by O ) |
5. Simple Past S + was/were + V3 + ( by O ) |
6. Past Continuous S + was/were + being + V 3 + ( by O ) |
7. Past Perfect S + had + been + V3 + ( by O ) |
8. Past Perfect Continuous S + had + been + being + V3 + ( by O ) |
9. Simple Future S + will/shall + be + V3 + ( by O ) |
10. Future Continuous S + will/shall + be + being + V 3 + ( by O ) |
11. Future Perfect S + will/shall + have + been + V3 + ( by O ) |
12. Future Perfect Continuous S + will/shall + have + been + being + V3 + ( by O ) |
13. Past Future S + would/should + be + V3 + ( by O ) |
14. Past Future Continuous S + would/should + be + being + V 3 + ( by O ) |
15. Past Furure Perfect S + would/should + have + been + V3 + ( by O ) |
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous S + would/should + have + been + being +V3 + ( by O ) |
Contoh Kalimat :
1.Simple Present
Active : Ninda eats healthy food everyday.
Passive : Healthy food is eaten by Ninda everyday.
2. Present Continuous
Active : Fina is watering some flowers.
Passive : Some flowers are being watered by Fina.
3. Present Perfect
Active : Dony has driven a new car.
Passive : A new car has been driven by Dony.
4. Present Perfect Continuous
Active : Tomy has been drawing some pictures.
Passive : Some pictures have been being drawn by Tomy.
5. Past Continuous
Active : Lany paid a tax last week.
Passive : A tax was paid by Lany last week.
6. Past Continuous
Active : Three workers were lifting a big cupboard.
Passive : A big cupboard was being lifted by three workers.
7. Past Perfect
Active : A raging storm had destroyed hundreds houses.
Passive : Hundred houses had been destroyed by a raging storm.
8. Past Perfect Continuous
Active : Sinta had been slicing some meat in the kitchen.
Passive : Some meat had been being sliced by Sinta in the kitchen.
9. Simple Future
Active : Jenny will visit many tourism places next holyday.
Passive : Many tourism places will be visited by Jenny next holyday.
10. Future Continuous
Active : Evi will be supervising examinees at 7 tonight.
Passive : Examinees will be being supervised by Evi at 7 tonight.
11. Future Perfect
Active : Astronomers will have built new space station by 2040.
Passive : New space stations will have been built by astronomers by 2040.
12. Future Perfect Continuous
Active : Joe will have been finishing his master degree by the end of June next year.
Passive : Joe's master degree will have been being finished by him by the end of June next year.
13. Past Future
Active : Culled would make a checking account last Monday.
Passive : A checking account would be made by Cullen last Monday.
14. Past Future Continuous
Active ; A taxi driver would be taking some passengers to the airport.
Passive : Some passengers would be being taken by a taxi driver to the airport.
15. Past Future Perfect
Active : Some architects would have been designed a hundred story building.
Passive : A hundred story building would have been being designed by some architects.
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous
Active : Three scientists would have been researching an incurable disease.
Passive : An incurable disease would have been being researched by three scientists.
Demikian klarifikasi ihwal pengertian, rumus dan teladan kalimat Passive Voice . Semoga bermanfaat dan mohon maaf jikalau ada kekurangan. Keep spirit and good luck !
